The study: The PhD study forms part of a long-term research program to monitor leopard populations in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, to inform effective adaptive management of the species (Balme et al 2009, 2010). Since 2005, camera-trap surveys have been undertaken at regular intervals in several protected areas across the province. We will extend these surveys in 2015 to southern Mozambique and Swaziland to track regional leopard population trends. This study will therefore use historical and new camera-trap data (plus an existing 10-year telemetry dataset) to determine the factors affecting leopard population density and gauge the impacts of local conservation interventions. It will also explore the use of camera-trap data in assessing o