Globally, there is a conflict between the economy and environment. Evidence-based, economic analyses of the value of biodiverse ecosystems to sustainability, profitability and non-financial benefits in agricultural landscapes are sparse. Tasmania provides an outstanding natural laboratory for testing ecologically functional and profitable agricultural landscapes. It has a unique and threatened biodiversity, substantive prior investment in biodiversity conservation and new irrigation schemes for supporting agriculture. This transdisciplinary project aims to measure profitability and benefits of ecosystem services and impacts on ecosystem function across a gradient of agricultural intensification within the Tasmanian Midlands. The project will quantify the structure and function of grassy