Background Climate change is causing strong impacts on the environment and human health, particularly in urban areas due to increasing urbanization combined with high soil consumption and pollution of environmental components. The European Commission has launched the European Green Deal, a new growth strategy plan to make the EU’s economy sustainable by reducing net greenhouse gas emissions to 0 by 2050. Within this framework, nature-based solutions (NBS) are suggested as environmentallyfriendly technologies to face climate change, unsustainable urbanization and related human health issues, degradation and loss of natural capital, and the ecosystem services it provides such as clean air, water and soils. This appears particularly crucial in urban environment consideri